Condemnations by human right groups and activists, including Amnesty International, are pouring in following the death of a 22-year-old young woman after the was detained by Iran's hijab police.
“The circumstances leading to the suspicious death in custody of 22-year-old young woman Mahsa Amini, which include allegations of torture and other ill-treatment in custody, must be criminally investigated,” Amnesty International said on Friday.
Noting that all agents and officials responsible must face justice, it added that the so-called “morality police” in Tehran arbitrarily arrested her three days before her death while enforcing the country’s abusive, degrading and discriminatory forced veiling laws.
Mahsa Amini was arrested Tuesday by a hijab patrol and during her detention she sustained severe trauma to her head and went into a coma in a hospital. She passed away on Friday.
While the interior ministry and Tehran's prosecutor launched probes into the circumstances surrounding her death following a demand by President Ebrahim Raisi, people in Tehran gathered outside Tehran's Kasra hospital, where she died. A video sent to Iran International shows security forces attacking a group of protesters chanting slogans there.
According to social media videos, there have been some other protests in other locations in Tehran, in which people are chanting slogans against the Islamic Republic’s authorities, such as “Death to Khamenei,” “Death to Oppressors,” and "We Will Kill Those Who Killed Our Sister".
Several Iranian celebrities including outspoken former national team soccer players Ali Karimi and Ali Daei, and Oscar-winning director Asghar Farhadi have posted about the young woman's tragic fate on social media.
A global trend away from using the dollar has been more pronounced in SCO states, with non-dollarized Russia-China trade rising about 50 percent in early 2020 after being 10 percent in 2015.
But the trend has accelerated between at least some SCO states with US and western European sanctions against Russia over the Ukraine crisis. Gazprom, the Russian gas major, last week said China would pay for gas in roubles and yuan rather than in dollars and euros.
An SCO declaration Friday said that “interested SCO member states” had agreed a “roadmap for the gradual increase in the share of national currencies in mutual settlements.” The SCO – comprising China, India, the Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan – is in the process of admitting Iran.
President Ebrahim Raisi has been more positive about SCO opportunities than predecessor Hassan Rouhani, whose efforts to increase trade with Europe – including bringing energy majors to Iran – were thwarted by the US. In 2018 Washington left the 2105 Iran nuclear deal and imposed ‘maximum pressure’ sanctions that threatened punitive action against any third parties dealing with Tehran.
Thwarting ‘draconian’ sanctions
Raisi’s made his first foreign trip as president to an SCO summit in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, October 2021, when he hailed “a new area” where “unilateralism and hegemony are failing.”
Raisi told the Samarkand SCO summit Thursday the organization needed to improve ways to thwart “draconian” US sanctions. On Thursday, meeting Putin, Raisi stressed the “strategic nature” of cooperation with Russia that could “be developed in the political, commercial and economic fields, as well as in space.” While US ‘maximum pressure’ restricted Iran-China trade after 2018 with Chinese companies wary of punitive US actions, China has remained Tehran’s largest trading partner and is easily its biggest market for crude oil.
In its economic and diplomatic isolation, Iranian officials emphasize the importance of ties with Russia and China, although Moscow has little to offer Iran as both countries face economic hardship and China is happy to buy discounted oil from both sanctioned energy exporters.
Global change
Putin and China’s President Xi Jinping both portrayed the SCO as part of a global change. “Fundamental transformations have been outlined in world politics and the economy, and they are irreversible,” Putin said. The Russian president presented the SCO as half the world’s population and responsible for a quarter of global gross domestic product.
But in fact, Putin’s invasion of Ukraine has led to NATO’s expansion, and more Western solidarity. This is what Beijing has on mind as Putin alluded to China’s concerns over the war in Ukraine during his meeting with Xi on Thursday.
Seven months after the Russians launched military operations in Ukraine, Putin acknowledged unease or reservations expressed by both India and China. “I know your position on the conflict in Ukraine, the concerns that you constantly express,” Putin told India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a televised meeting. “We will do everything to stop this as soon as possible.”
Turkey offers further mediation
Turkish President Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan told the SCO summit Friday that Ankara would continue its efforts to mediate an end to the war “as soon as possible.” He urged the holding of direct talks in Turkey between Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who has said he will never accept a peace allowing Russia to keep any Ukrainian land, including Crimea.
Social media posts with the hashtag ‘Mahsa Amini’ have continued to be retweeted and liked thousands of times since Wednesday when it was revealed that she had been taken to hospital from a detention center in northern Tehran only two hours after her arrest and was in a coma. Authorities deny any violence against Amini while she was in custody.
A photo of the 22-year-old Mahsa Amini on the hospital bed shows her unconscious with very clear signs of bleeding from her right ear. Several doctors including Mahdiar Saeedian, editor of a health magazine, have pointed out on social media that brain strokes do not cause otorrhagia (hemorrhage from ears) which proves that her coma was caused by trauma to the head.
The young girl – originally from Saqqez in Kurdistan province -- was arrested in her brother’s car on a visit to the capital to see their relatives by hijab enforcement officers. The morality or Islamic religious police told her brother she was being taken to the detention center for a brief admonitory session about the Islamic dress code, hijab, and would be released soon after.
Iran’s government which is now fully controlled by hardliners has adopted a harsher than usual approach amid economic crisis and hardship for tens of millions. Government and military officials have warned the population against disobeying hijab rules and hijab enforcement patrols have detained many women, sometimes violently, on the streets.
Hijab patrols have increased on the streets in recent months and videos of violent arrests of women and teenage girls as well as confrontations between people and hijab enforcers arevfrequently posted.
Many social media users have also pointed out that when George Floyd was killed because of police violence in the United States, in a televised speech Iran’s leader Ali Khamenei called it a “brutal” act that exposed “the true nature of the rulers of the United States.”
“The Islamic Republic never pays the cost of its brutality. Where are those [hardliners] now who lit black candles for George Floyd and made the hashtag ‘I can't breathe’ trending [in Persian social media],” one of the tweets retweeted hundreds of times asked.
Khamenei has always expressed support for strict hijab enforcement. In a speech in July, he alleged that Iranian women’s anti-hijab movement is nothing but a Western plot. The speech was made ten days after an anti-hijab protester identified as 28-year-old writer Sepideh Rashno was arrested in Tehran after an encounter with a hijab enforcer on a city bus.
Social media users have also highlighted the deaths in custody of other ordinary people and activists, including women's rights activist Haleh Sahabi in 2011, blogger Sattar Beheshti in 2012, Iranian-Canadian environmentalist Kavous Seyed-Emami in 2018, andZahra Bani-Yaghoub, a medical doctor who died in prison in 2007 after being arrested by the morality police. Iranian authorities attributed all these deaths in custody to strokes without taking any responsibility for them despite undeniable evidence of violence.
“Sattar Beheshti had a ‘stroke’. Haleh Sahabi had a ‘stroke’. Kavous Seyed-Emami had a ‘stroke’. Nobody gets killed by beating in the Islamic Republic,” another very popular tweet said.
Several Iranian celebrities including outspoken former national team soccer player Ali Karimiwho has nearly ten million followers on Instagram have posted about the young woman's tragic fate on social media. American actress and author Leah Remini’s tweet about the incident has also drawn much attention to Amini’s case and state violence against Iranian women for hijab.
The hardliner president Ebrahim Raisi’s scheduled trip to the United States, together with a large entourage, has been the subject of controversy. Human rights activists, Iranian dissidents, former political prisoners and hostages in Iran have urged the Biden administration not to issue a visa to Raisi.
Raisi served as Iran’s Judiciary chief before becoming president in August 2021, but he spent most of life in the Islamic judiciary and is accused by human rights groups of taking part in gross violations of human rights. He was a member of a death committee that ordered the killing of thousands of political prisoners in 1988, an involvement he has proudly admitted.
The US sanctioned him, along with other Iranian officials in 2019 for human rights violations.
A former prisoner in Iran, Mehdi Hajati and two former hostages, Hamid Babaei and Australian-British academic Kylie Moore-Gilbert, who was held hostage for two years in Iran announced Thursday that they will launch a civil lawsuit.
The National Union for Democracy in Iran (NUFDI), an American Iranian advocacy group is assisting the plaintiffs in their legal action. NUFDI said in a statement that human rights attorney Shahin Milani will represent the three plaintiffs.
Mehdi Hajati was an elected local official in the Iranian city of Shiraz who was sentenced to prison for his defense of the persecuted Baha’i community in 2019. Hamid Babaei, a resident of Belgium was also held hostage in Iran.
Moore-Gilbert, a lecturer in Islamic studies at the University of Melbourne was arrested on bogus charges in Iran in September 2018 and held until November 2020, when she was exchanged with Iranians jailed in Thailand on terrorism convictions. They received a hero’s welcome upon their return to Iran.
A bipartisan group of 52 US lawmakers urged President Joe Biden on September 9 to deny visas for Raisi and his delegation.
"The United States cannot overlook Ebrahim Raisi’s direct involvement in gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, including the 1988 organized mass murder of thousands of political prisoners, among whom were women and children, by the Iranian regime,” the lawmakers wrote to Biden.
So far the Biden Administration appears to be determined to issue the visas, arguing that it is legally obligated as host nation of the United Nations to allow officials of other government to conduct their UN business in New York.
Critics who urge a visa denial say that “As the host country for UN headquarters, the United States has a general obligation to grant visas to those conducting UN business. However, as lawmakers noted in their letters to Biden, U.S. law authorizes a denial of visas to individuals responsible for torture and extrajudicial killings.” They cite the example of Austrian President Kurt Waldheim who was denied entry into the US in 1987 for his responsibility for the persecution of Jews and others during World War II.
Iranian Americans have organized a protest outside the UN headquarters in New York City on September 21, the day Raisi is scheduled to speak at the General Assembly and at the same time NUFDI will unveil the details of the lawsuit against him.