Syria’s embassies to remain operational - Foreign ministry

The Russian Foreign Ministry confirmed that Bashar al-Assad has left office and departed Syria, following instructions for a peaceful handover of power.

While it did not reveal Assad's current location, the ministry said that Russia had not been involved in the negotiations surrounding his exit.

Russian military bases in Syria are reportedly on high alert but face no immediate threat.

Moscow also emphasized its communication with Syrian opposition groups, urging all parties to refrain from violence.

Reuters reported that Assad boarded a plane from Damascus airport around the time rebels took control of the capital, though it remains unclear if he was on board.

Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan speculated that Assad was “probably outside of Syria,” while UAE advisor Anwar Gargash declined to confirm reports of possible asylum.

UN envoy Geir Pederson said he had no information on Assad's whereabouts. Some Syrian sources have suggested the ousted leader may have been killed after the flight took off.

Hossein Aghaie, a researcher in strategic affairs and international relations, told Iran International, "The fall of Bashar al-Assad is, in fact, the fall of the Islamic Republic's ideology and regional terrorism.”

He emphasized that the Islamic Republic's nightmares continue with the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign and Israel's operations across the region.

Aghaie attributed the fall of Assad to the collapse of the Syrian army and said, "If Russia's interests demand it, Putin will do to the Islamic Republic what he did to Assad."

According to him, the biggest loser in the Syrian war is the Islamic Republic, which has spent significant amount of money in the survival of Assad.

Assessing the post-Assad situation, Aghaie said that Putin will continue to use the Islamic Republic as a bargaining chip, Turkey will increase its geopolitical influence in Syria, and Israel will face a dual challenge of threat and opportunity.

In the first state television interview with the insurgents in control of Damascus, a rebel leader introduced as the head of the operation to topple Bashar al-Assad’s government in Damascus pledged to protect Syria’s minorities, stressing the importance of unity and inclusivity for all citizens.

“We address all the sects of Syria: Syria is for everyone, without exception… Syria is for the Sunni, the Druze, the Alawite. We don’t deal with people like the Assad did,” the commander stated when asked to address fears among minority groups regarding their safety.

He also urgedSyrians to “safeguard all the government institutions.”

The interview was unexpectedly cut short when an audio malfunction disrupted the broadcast.

"The determination of Syria’s future and decisions about its destiny must remain in the hands of the Syrian people, without any destructive interference or external imposition," the Iranian Foreign Ministry said in a statement.

Iran, which was a key ally of Bashar al-Assad, has provided military, financial, and political support to maintain the former Syrian president's grip on power since the outbreak of the civil war in 2011. Iran’s backing included sending weapons, financial assistance, military advisors, and elite forces like the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), as well as allied militias.

In addition to urging a halt to conflicts, Iran’s statement, which followed the news of Assad fleeing the country, called for the safety of all Syrian citizens, the preservation of religious sites, and the protection of diplomatic and consular missions in accordance with international law.

"Tehran would continue its consultations with key regional stakeholders to promote security and stability in the country," it added.

"The long-standing and friendly relations between the peoples of Iran and Syria are expected to continue with a wise and forward-looking approach, based on shared interests and the fulfillment of international legal commitments," the statement concluded.

Meanwhile, Ahmad Nadri, a member of Iran’s parliament, suggested that the country shift its strategic focus following Assad’s downfall.

He proposed that Iran prioritize nuclear testing and reinvigorate the so-called resistance front, which he views as crucial for Iran’s regional influence post-Syria crisis.

Mohsen Rezaei, a member of the Expediency Council and an IRGC former commander wrote on his X account: "The fate of Syria must be determined by its people. The exploitation of foreign actors will result in nothing but the repetition of the Libya, Afghanistan, and Iraq models."

Iran, along with Russia, have tightened their grip on Russia in recent years, both having large swathes of military infrastructure across the country.

Images published by Al Arabiya show Syrians storming the Iranian embassy Sunday, breaking windows, and damaging furniture, in a sign that Tehran's influence is no longer welcome.

Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesman confirmed to Tehran Times that diplomats and staff had evacuated the embassy before armed forces arrived. Esmail Baghaei said that all personnel were now safe and in good health.

State-affiliated Iranian media have also softened their language in response to Assad’s fall. Before the collapse, opposition forces were regularly referred to as "terrorists" or "takfiris," but now they are being described as "armed opposition groups" or "militias," reflecting a shift in Iran’s public messaging.

Fars News, affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), reported on the reasons behind the fall of Assad's government, saying that “the Syrian president did not pay enough attention to Iran’s advice regarding democracy and popular defense."

"The lack of popular support for the government, due to the dire economic situation, the weakening of the army, and corruption, along with the Syrian government's reliance on promises from foreign powers in exchange for abandoning resistance, are among the key mistakes," the government aligned publication wrote on Sunday.

Nadergholi Ebrahimi, a representative from Arak, and Hamid Rasaee, a representative from Tehran, have called for a closed session of parliament to discuss the situation as Tehran faces losing a key stronghold, the route key between Iran and the Mediterranean.

“The parliament needs updated, accurate, and clear information about the situation in light of the current regional circumstances,” Rasaee said.

Political analyst Rouhollah Rahimpour told Iran International that there appears to be no comprehensive or systematic analysis of the situation in Syria within Iran’s media.

“Some media outlets consider this a victory for Israel, while others view it as an internal Syrian matter,” he noted.

According to Rahimpour, Iran's internal calculations regarding Syria have been so disrupted by the recent developments that the government is struggling to form a clear stance on its position.

Costs of supporting Assad

The Islamic Republic’s support for Assad has come at a high cost. Human losses include over 2,100 Iranian forces killed in Syria, referred to as “Defenders of the Shrine,” and an estimated 7,308 Iranian casualties overall since 2011 when the crackdown on anti-Assad demonstrations turned into a civil war.

Financially, the cost of intervention is staggering. Former Iranian parliament members Heshamatollah Falahatpisheh and Bahram Parsaei have separately stated that Iran spent at least $30 billion in Syria, a figure that dwarfs other regional expenditures. This amount equals nearly 140 months of cash subsidies for Iran’s entire population, further fueling domestic frustration over the government’s priorities. However, a government document hacked last year revealed that Syria owes Iran $ 50 billion.

In addition to free oil supplies and loans to Assad's government, the Islamic Republic spent untold billions on its military involvement.

Internationally, Assad’s fall is seen as a significant blow to Tehran. A US official told CNN that the events in Syria mark the collapse of Iran’s broader strategy in the region. President-elect Donald Trump weighed in, suggesting that Assad fled after losing Russian support, framing both Russia and Iran as weakened powers.

The Israeli military announced a deployment in the UN-monitored buffer zone with Syria, emphasizing a defensive posture without direct involvement in Syrian affairs. Meanwhile, Turkey’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan called for a new Syria that does not pose a threat to its neighbors.

Since 2013, Iran’s presence in Syria has been justified by officials as a mission to protect Shia holy sites from Takfiri groups. However, evidence shows Tehran’s true aim was to bolster Assad’s government, a key ally.

IRGC-affiliated Fars News Agency admitted in 2020 that the Quds Force had been instrumental in training Syrian forces to suppress opposition, leveraging tactics used during Iran’s own protests.

The Islamic Republic’s involvement also included the recruitment of foreign fighters, such as the Fatemiyoun Division (Afghans) and Zainabiyoun Brigade (Pakistanis).

With Assad’s government now toppled, the Islamic Republic’s decades-long gamble in Syria appears increasingly costly, both financially and politically, as questions mount about its influence in the region and its ability to sustain its ambitions.

Syria still faces significant challenges, with extremism and terrorism remaining key concerns, the United Arab Emirates' presidential diplomatic advisor said on Sunday.

When asked whether Bashar al-Assad was in the UAE, Anwar Gargash responded, "I don't know," speaking on the sidelines of the Manama Security Dialogue in Bahrain.

Gargash attributed Assad's downfall to political missteps, stating that he failed to seize opportunities offered by Arab nations, including the UAE, to stabilize his position.

"There was a major failure in both politics and policy because Assad did not make use of the lifelines extended to him by various Arab countries, including the UAE, nor did he engage meaningfully in constitutional discussions that were underway," Gargash said.