• العربية
  • فارسی
Brand
  • Iran Insight
  • Politics
  • Economy
  • Analysis
  • Special Report
  • Opinion
  • Podcast
  • Iran Insight
  • Politics
  • Economy
  • Analysis
  • Special Report
  • Opinion
  • Podcast
  • Theme
  • Language
    • العربية
    • فارسی
  • Iran Insight
  • Politics
  • Economy
  • Analysis
  • Special Report
  • Opinion
  • Podcast
All rights reserved for Volant Media UK Limited
volant media logo
ANALYSIS

Blame over bargain: why no one expected talks to halt Iran sanctions

Ata Mohamed Tabriz
Ata Mohamed Tabriz

Iran analyst

Sep 26, 2025, 23:00 GMT+1Updated: 00:34 GMT+0
European External Action Service (EEAS) Deputy Secretary General Enrique Mora and Iranian Deputy at Ministry of Foreign Affairs Abbas Araghchi wait for the start of a meeting of the JCPOA Joint Commission in Vienna, Austria April 17, 2021.
European External Action Service (EEAS) Deputy Secretary General Enrique Mora and Iranian Deputy at Ministry of Foreign Affairs Abbas Araghchi wait for the start of a meeting of the JCPOA Joint Commission in Vienna, Austria April 17, 2021.

On the eve of the return of UN sanctions against Iran, all sides insist the doors of diplomacy remain open, but the table beyond those doors looks less like one for negotiation than for autopsy—an exercise in assigning blame for a failure long deemed inevitable.

The 2015 nuclear deal set out a mechanism allowing UN sanctions to be reimposed within 30 days if Iran was accused of breaching its commitments.

That window closes at 8:00 p.m. Washington time on September 27. Yet even at this late hour, officials speak of talks more than they conduct them.

The US and Europe have made demands Tehran cannot meet in the wake of the 12-Day War: cooperation with the IAEA, clarifying the fate of 60%-enriched uranium, curbing the missile program, and striking a deal with Washington.

Tehran, meanwhile, signals readiness for “fair” talks but chiefly to show it did not slam the door.

Packages of blame

Western capitals have pursued “diplomacy backed by threats” since talks resurfaced in early 2025, and the war did not alter that approach.

Their demands serve less to reach agreement than to build the narrative: “We gave Iran a chance; it refused.”

Washington’s posture has been no more conciliatory. US envoy Steve Witkoff spoke of willingness to engage as late as Wednesday, but both Iranian Vice President Mohammad Reza Aref and Reuters reported Tehran’s messages have gone unanswered.

Tehran’s signals point the same way.

Officials from the Supreme Leader to Ali Larijani stress that negotiations must be “fair” and free of threats—framing the Islamic Republic’s line as: “We tried, they refused.”

This is less about diplomacy than about managing domestic opinion, with rival factions poised to pin the blame on one another once snapback hits.

Moscow and Beijing’s pause

In the stalemate, Russia and China floated a six-month delay at the Security Council—but few ever expected it to pass.

The point was never to resolve the crisis but to buy time, cast the West as obstructionist, and tether Tehran more tightly once sanctions return.

It may also be viewed as geopolitical gamesmanship: draining US and European bandwidth in the region.

Had Moscow and Beijing sought a solution, they could have mediated far earlier.

Where the failure bomb lands

The sanctions are now all but certain to proceed.

The war has left Tehran unable to concede, the West will not soften its conditions, and Russia and China are content with delay.

What remains is not crisis-solving but narrative-shaping: deciding where the bomb of failure lands.

For the US and Europe, the message is: “Iran squandered its chance.” For Tehran: “We negotiated, they refused.” For Russia and China: “We offered diplomacy, the West rejected it.”

As a senior European diplomat told Al-Monitor this week: “The negotiations have failed, and snapback will occur.”

It was a verdict on talks but also the opening line of the autopsy of a lost decade since the deal in 2015.

Most Viewed

Iran diplomacy wobbles as factions compete to avoid looking soft on US
1
INSIGHT

Iran diplomacy wobbles as factions compete to avoid looking soft on US

2
ANALYSIS

The politics of pink: how Iran uses cuteness to rebrand violence

3

Scam messages seek crypto for ships’ safe passage through Hormuz, firm warns

4
EXCLUSIVE

Family told missing teen was alive, then received his body 60 days later

5
INSIGHT

Is Iran entering its Gorbachev moment?

Banner
Banner

Spotlight

  • Diplomacy tolls at Hormuz as conflict returns to its doorstep
    OPINION

    Diplomacy tolls at Hormuz as conflict returns to its doorstep

  • Opposition to US talks grows in Tehran as ceasefire deadline nears
    INSIGHT

    Opposition to US talks grows in Tehran as ceasefire deadline nears

  • Tehran moderates see ‘no deal–no war’ limbo as worst outcome
    INSIGHT

    Tehran moderates see ‘no deal–no war’ limbo as worst outcome

  • The future has been switched off here
    TEHRAN INSIDER

    The future has been switched off here

  • Lights out, then gunfire: Witnesses recount Mashhad protest crackdown
    VOICES FROM IRAN

    Lights out, then gunfire: Witnesses recount Mashhad protest crackdown

  • Is Iran entering its Gorbachev moment?
    INSIGHT

    Is Iran entering its Gorbachev moment?

•
•
•

More Stories

UN rejects Russian-Chinese push to delay Iran sanctions snapback

Sep 26, 2025, 22:20 GMT+1

In a 4–9 vote with two abstentions, the UN Security Council on Friday rejected a Russian-Chinese proposal to delay the snapback of UN sanctions on Iran, which are set to be reinstated Saturday night, 30 days after being triggered by the Europeans.

The resolution aimed to extend sanctions relief under Security Council Resolution 2231 for six months to allow further diplomacy.

Russia, China, Algeria, and Pakistan voted in favor, while the United States, Britain, France, and five other members opposed it. Guyana and South Korea abstained.

Dorothy Shea, Acting US Representative to the UN advised Russia and China to ask Iran for full cooperation instead of postponing the sanctions.

“They must press leaders in Tehran to take meaningful immediate steps to fulfill its commitments and obligations, including by fully cooperating with the IAEA,” Shea said.

British ambassador to the UN Barbara Woodward told the Security Council the doors to diplomacy are not yet closed.

"The United Kingdom remains committed to pursuing a diplomatic solution that ensures Iran never acquires a nuclear weapon, while maintaining Iran's right to a civil nuclear program in line with the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty."

Russia's representative at the meeting said Moscow "had hoped that the US, that European colleagues in the US, would think twice and that they would opt for the path of diplomacy and dialog instead of their clumsy blackmail, which merely results in escalation of the situation in the region."

However, the envoy said, "what did we see instead, in the 29 days that have elapsed since then, was the very same typical scenario for Europeans of pressure."

Iran had already warned if the UN sanctions reinstated, it will halt cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, (IAEA).

Iran's foreign minister Abbas Araghchi told the UN Security Council that "Iran put forward several constructive proposals in New York to avert an unnecessary and avoidable crisis, all were ignored."

"I have to remind the distinguished representative of France that two nights ago, I agreed with your foreign minister a framework agreement, but he was not able to get the agreement of the United States," Araghchi said.

Following the Security Council meeting, Araghchi told Iran International that the reimposition of UN sanctions could jeopardize Tehran's cooperation with the UN nuclear watchdog.

The snapback mechanism was triggered on August 28 by France, Germany, and the UK (E3), citing Iran's "significant non-performance,” including enriched uranium stockpiles exceeding JCPOA limits and restricted IAEA access to facilities like Natanz and Fordow.

Larijani warns Trump of consequences if Iran is attacked again

Sep 26, 2025, 20:55 GMT+1

Iran’s nuclear program can never be destroyed and the United States will face consequences if it launches new attacks, Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council Ali Larijani said.

With UN sanctions on Iran set to be reinstated on September 28, Tehran will halt cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Larijani warned.

“We have pursued every option and mechanism available to resolve this conflict peacefully,” he said in an interview with PBS’s Frontline, recorded on September 22 and partially aired Friday.

Larijani warned US President Donald Trump against new attacks, saying Iran will never surrender.

Asked about damage to bombed nuclear sites, Larijani declined to provide details: “We haven't abandoned any of those locations. They could continue operating as they are or be shut down in the future.”

‘Know-how can’t be taken away’

Israel launched a surprise attack on Iran in June, targeting nuclear and military sites as well as key officials. Iran retaliated with drones and ballistic missiles.

On June 22, the United States joined the campaign, striking nuclear sites at Natanz, Fordow, and Esfahan. A US-brokered ceasefire between Iran and Israel was established on June 24.

Iran’s national security chief dismissed assertions that the country’s nuclear capabilities had been destroyed.

“Iran's nuclear program cannot be destroyed. Once a technology is discovered, it can't be taken away. It's like inventing a machine that gets stolen—you can still rebuild it,” Larijani said.

‘Unreasonable terms’

Any talks about curbing Tehran’s missile program are a non-starter, Larijani said.

“The Americans insist we negotiate specifically about Iran's missiles. They’ve demanded no enrichment at all, or missile ranges below 300 kilometers (185 miles), now 500 kilometers (310 miles) — essentially stripping us of key defensive and offensive capabilities.”

US president Donald Trump told the UN General Assembly on Tuesday that he had offered full cooperation in exchange for Iran suspending its nuclear program, but said his letter to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei was met with threats.

Larijani said the Islamic Republic is open to dialogue but will reject what he called “unreasonable” terms.

Iran’s last-minute offer won’t yield deal, former US negotiator says

Sep 26, 2025, 17:07 GMT+1

Richard Nephew, a former US negotiator in past Iran nuclear talks, commented on a report by London-based Amwaj Media that said Iran had offered to allow immediate UN inspections at its Natanz nuclear facility in exchange for European support of a Russian-drafted resolution to delay the return of sanctions later today.

“No deal. First, this isn’t the only access required. Second, the CSA applies to all safeguarded material, not just Natanz. Third, accepting the conditioning of CSA obligations in general is a mistake,” Nephew said in response to the reported offer.

“Iran signed the safeguards agreement. It should fulfill it.”

Israel says not done yet, won't let Iran rebuild its nuclear capabilities

Sep 26, 2025, 17:00 GMT+1

Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called for the elimination of Iran's highly enriched uranium stockpiles during his UN General Assembly speech on Friday, saying Tehran should not be allowed to rebuild its nuclear capabilities after June's 12-day war.

Netanyahu described Iran's pre-war nuclear efforts as an existential threat to Israel and a mortal danger to the world, aimed at destruction and global blackmail.

"Iran was rapidly developing a massive nuclear weapons program and a massive ballistic missile program," he told the UN General Assembly. "We devastated Iran's atomic weapons and ballistic missiles programs."

Israel launched a surprise attack on Iran in June, targeting nuclear and military sites and top military and nuclear officials. Iran retaliated by firing drones and ballistic missiles.

Iran reported over 1,000 fatalities and 5,332 injured while Tehran's counterattacks killed 31 Israeli civilians and an off-duty soldier.

The United States on June 22 joined the campaign, targeting nuclear sites in Natanz, Fordow and Isfahan. Two days later, US President Donald Trump brokered a ceasefire between Iran and Israel.

"President Trump and I delivered on our promise to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons,” Netanyahu said, praising the US president for "his bold and decisive action".

"We must not allow Iran to rebuild its military nuclear capacities. Iran's stockpiles of enriched uranium must be eliminated, and UN Security Council sanctions on Iran must be snapped back,” Netanyahu said.

The United Kingdom, France and Germany have activated the snapback mechanism under the UN Security Council Resolution, meaning the UN sanctions will go back into effect on September 28 unless the Security Council takes action by tomorrow.

Israel not done yet

Netanyahu said that "Israel rebounded from its darkest day to deliver one of the most stunning military comebacks in history, but we're not done yet."

He called Iran the core of a terror axis, backing proxies like Hamas, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Houthis in Yemen, who "shout Death to America" and murder innocents.

In what he called a "pop quiz" for the delegates, Netanyahu asked: "Who shouts ‘Death to America?" and "Who has murdered Americans and Europeans in cold blood?” He said the answer was Iran and its allied forces.

Netanyahu spoked and envisioned a future where Iranian people overthrow the government in Iran, restoring ancient ties with Israel for global benefit.

The Israeli prime minister has in recent years repeatedly addressed the Iranian public through video messages, urging them to rise up against the Islamic Republic and reject their leaders.

In these messages, Benjamin Netanyahu has often portrayed Israel as a friend of the Iranian people while condemning Iran’s government for its nuclear program, regional policies, and human rights record.

Iran's economy shrank even before UN sanctions hit

Sep 26, 2025, 13:10 GMT+1
•
Dalga Khatinoglu

Iran’s economy has slipped into its first contraction in more than four years and now faces mounting debt and record capital flight, official data show, days before UN sanctions are due to return.

According to the Statistical Center of Iran, GDP shrank by 0.1% in the spring, ending 17 straight quarters of expansion. Industrial and mining output, which grew 5.9% last spring, fell to -0.3% this year, while agriculture plunged from +2.3% to -2.7%.

Severe water and electricity shortages disrupted production across both sectors, hitting farms and factories alike.

With the so-called snapback of international sanctions due on September 2, Iran faces a narrowing path to growth—and a worrying prospect of rising unemployment and public discontent.

Mounting debt

A separate Central Bank report shows government debt to the bank surged 63% year-on-year as of June, reflecting the administration’s failure to meet revenue targets.

Officials say only 60% of projected revenues were generated in the first five months of the year, worse than in previous years and well short of the levels needed to stabilize public finances.

Since 2018, when President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from a 2015 nuclear deal and reimposed sanctions, about a third of Iran’s annual budget has gone unrealized.

The IMF now estimates public debt at 37% of GDP and climbing. This trend is likely to accelerate if sanctions further limit oil revenues.

Record capital flight

The Central Bank also reported a net capital account of -$21.7 billion for the last fiscal year—the highest on record and 2.5 times greater than in 2020.

Capital flight has been accelerating since 2020, as businesses and households move assets abroad to escape currency depreciation and political uncertainty.

The scale of outflows highlights both a collapse in investor confidence and the inability of the banking system to hold foreign exchange inside the country.

Oil gains vanished

Iran earned $66 billion from oil, petroleum products and natural gas exports last year, a 17% increase. Including non-oil goods, total exports reached $115 billion, $27 billion more than imports.

On paper, that left the goods trade in surplus.

But the services sector recorded a record $12 billion deficit, dragging the overall trade balance for goods and services down to just $13 billion.

Combined with the $21.7 billion in capital flight, much of the hard currency generated by oil exports is effectively leaving the country.

The result is sustained pressure on Iran’s already fragile foreign reserves and further instability in the rial, which hit a record low of 1.08 million to the dollar on Thursday.

The bottom line is that Tehran’s extremely hard-gained oil cash is being wiped out by falling output, runaway debt and unprecedented capital flight—leaving the country perilously exposed just as fresh sanctions loom.