The Stark Reality of Salaries in Tehran Amidst Economic Crisis

Kazem Gharibabadi, the deputy of Iran's Judiciary for International Affairs denied the allegations against Nouri on Monday, describing the member of IRGC’s extraterritorial Quds Force as "defender of the shrine."

The Islamic Republic refers to its forces sent to Syria as defenders of the shrine of Zeynab, the sister of the third Shiite Imam. Nouri also holds Syrian citizenship , where he was known by his nom de guerre "Abu Abbas."

According to Iran International's sources, after the war in Syria, Nouri went to Iraq, where he used his connections to secure commercial contracts for companies affiliated with the IRGC. Nouri, along with a member of the Iraqi Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba militant group, pressured businesses into cooperation with the IRGC, threatening them that if they did not sign contracts, they would face repercussions from Nujaba. According to information obtained by Iran International, Nouri, was previously arrested in Iran on charges of espionage. Our sources did not provide further details about his prior conviction in Iran.

Gharibabadi claimed that Washington had requested his extradition, but Baghdad rejected it. Although the Islamic Republic and the Iraqi government have signed an extradition treaty, Iraq has so far also refused to transfer Nouri to Iran.

"Through legal and judicial efforts, the charges against Mohammadreza Nouri changed from terrorism-related offenses to other charges, creating the legal basis for his transfer to Iran," Gharibabadi said.

Nouri was arrested along with four Iraqi nationals for killing American national Stephen Troell in Baghdad. The five were sentenced to life in prison in September 2023. Nouri’s identity had not been released to the media at the time.

Troell, an English teacher, was shot dead by at least two gunmen while driving through Baghdad’s Karrada district in November 2022. According to a source cited by Reuters, the murder was orchestrated by Nouri, along with his Iraqi accomplices. Troell, a 45-year-old Tennessee native, worked at the Global English Institute, a school managed by his wife, Jocelyn. They had lived in Iraq’s capital along with their three daughters and a toddler son.

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“It is critical that all those responsible for the brutal, premeditated assassination of Mr. Troell face justice and accountability,” said State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller in a statement after the verdict was issued. “We welcome the Iraqi court’s decision to convict and sentence multiple individuals on terrorism charges for their roles in the killing of US citizen Stephen Troell.”

Citing a judicial source, AFP said that the five confessed to the murder, noting that they had intended to kidnap Troell for ransom. Karrada was also the site of the kidnapping of Elizabeth Tsurkov, an Israeli-Russian abducted by Iran-backed militant group Kata'ib Hezbollah last June. Tsurkov was a graduate student at Princeton University conducting research in Iraq.

According to Al Arabiya, a militant group called Ashab al-Kahf, (Companions of the Cave) claimed responsibility for Troell’s assassination, saying that it was a retaliation for the targeted killing of IRGC-Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the commander of Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), by the United States in 2020.

Nouri’s case made news in Iran in May, when late Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian met with his wife and father, emphasizing that efforts are underway for his release.

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The activist revealed that Behesht Zahra Cemetery, administered by Tehran’s municipal authorities, has lodged a formal complaint against him for the comments he made about the Baha’is in Iran, specifically their struggles with burial procedures for their loved ones.

In February, during a political discussion published on Didarnews, an Tehran-based news outlet, the political activist engaged with MP Mehdi Mousavinejad on various issues, including the rights of minorities in Iran.

"How can we discuss equal rights in Iran?" A large number of Iranians--between 100,000 and 400,000--were denied official birth certificates for years. They were unable to register their marriage. They couldn't book a hotel with their spouses despite having children," Mahmoudian said.

"Presently, they are deprived of the basic right to bury their kin. We have citizens who, for centuries, inhabited Iran, yet they are barred from laying their families to rest. The Bahá'í community is unable to inter their loved ones in the lands rightfully theirs, which they have acquired through rightful purchase.

“Instead, authorities retain the deceased for a span of 10 to 20 days before clandestinely conducting burials. Their autonomy in choosing the final resting place is severely restricted," Mahmoudian explained.

Unofficial estimates suggest that Iran is home to over 300,000 Baha'i adherents. According to Amnesty International, Baha’is are Iran’s largest non-Muslim religious minority.

However, their rights are violated in a vast and systematic manner, including “arbitrary detention, torture and other ill-treatment, enforced disappearance, forcible closure of businesses, confiscation of property, house demolitions, destruction of cemeteries, and hate speech by officials and state media, and are banned from higher education,” according to Amnesty.

Mahmoudian, who has been arrested more than eleven times and has spent eight years in prison for political activities, posted on X in May that Taleghani Hospital in Tehran had declared it would no longer accept dialysis patients from Evin Prison due to bedbug contamination.

According to the activist, the hospital provided a sample canister of bedbugs to Evin's head of the medical department to support the claim.

Previously, Zia Nabavi, a student activist and political detainee, detailed the severe conditions caused by the infestation, including sleep deprivation; he was later moved to solitary confinement.

According to a Tuesday report from the Russian state outlet RIA, the agreement has temporarily halted due to challenges faced by Iranian counterparts.

Zamir Kabulov, a Russian foreign ministry official, was cited as stating, "This is a strategic decision made by the leadership of both countries. The process has halted due to issues faced by our Iranian partners."

The Russian official nevertheless expressed confidence that “this task will be completed before finalizing the agreement's text,” after which “the two countries' leaders will determine the signing's time and location.”

Later, Iran's ambassador to Russia denied the report. When asked about the news at a press conference on Tuesday, Kazem Jalali accused the Iranian media of "mistranslating" Russian media reports that Iran had suspended the process. He refrained from delving into specifics.

Later on Tuesday, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov noted that despite potential shifts in the event schedule, Moscow and Tehran are actively pursuing the comprehensive bilateral cooperation agreement. Peskov also reiterated Russia's commitment to enhancing ties with Iran.

Adding to the multitude of narratives, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that, while a comprehensive agreement between Russia and Iran cannot yet be signed, its text has been fully coordinated.

Russia's TASS news agency quoted Lavrov as saying that several "procedural legislative actions" must be completed before the agreement can be signed.

Iran's previous administration commenced talks for a new long-term agreement during President Hassan Rouhani's tenure, but the current government officially presented a draft to Russia.

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“Documents of strategic cooperation can outline the horizons of the [two countries’] relations over 20 years,” late President Ebrahim Raisi said after he met with Vladimir Putin and presented the draft in 2022.

According to Reza Talebi, Iran International's political correspondent, the long-running process might be a strategic move by Vladimir Putin to exert more pressure on an isolated Iran, gaining leverage in the agreement and discouraging Iran from negotiating with the West.

"It's a message from Vladimir Putin to Tehran, warning them not to alter their policies, particularly concerning Ukraine and the Gaza conflict. Additionally, it aims to pressure the incoming Iranian government into negotiations to secure more favorable terms," he stated.

Following the death of Ebrahim Raisi and his entourage last month, a snap election will be held on June 28 in Iran.

Tehran and Moscow initially signed a long-term agreement in March 2001. Officially known as the Treaty of the Foundation of Mutual Relations and the Principles of Cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation Act, it was initially set for ten years but was extended twice for five-year terms.

According to Iran’s ambassador to Russia, the countries agreed to extend the agreement for another five years in 2021, setting its expiration date in 2026.

In 2023, reports of possible difficulties in developing the new agreement with Russia, resulting from protests from Iran in response to the joint statement issued following the Russia-GCC Strategic Dialogue, were made.

In particular, the disagreement concerns one point in the joint statement, which Iranian officials believe reflects Moscow's solidarity with the UAE's position on the territorial dispute regarding three islands in the Persian Gulf that Tehran considers to be its territory. Moscow's explanations were unsatisfactory to the Iranian side.

During the tenure of hardliner Raisi, efforts to strengthen relations with Russia intensified, and many contracts were signed to enhance bilateral cooperation across various industries. However little was accomplished, as Russia mired in the Ukraine war has limited financial resources to invest in Iran.

In contrast, militarily ties have soared, including joint drills and drone production. Iran has provided Russia with hundreds of kamikaze unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that have been extensively deployed to target civil infrastructure and cities in Ukraine since mid-2022.

Also, US intelligence revealed last year that Tehran and Moscow were building a drone manufacturing facility in Russia for use in Ukraine.

Under severe international sanctions, Moscow and Tehran have forged a closer economic alliance, especially following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. This conflict rendered Russia the world's most sanctioned state, a position previously held by Iran.

Currently, trade between Tehran and Moscow stands at $4 billion, which even Iranian officials admit is far below the target of $40 billion.

Since the onset of the Ukraine war, Russia and Iran have focused their economic ties on advancing cooperation to circumvent sanctions. The two countries reached an agreement in December to eliminate the use of the US dollar in bilateral trade, a development heralded by Iran's central bank governor as a "new chapter." However, the move has more of a symbolic significance than a real economic act.

Amid sanctions, Iran seeks long-term agreements with countries such as China and Russia under Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's "Looking East" policy, the cornerstone of a “revolutionary economy” hardliners have been promoting.

In 2021, Iran and China signed a controversial 25-year agreement. Khamenei, first proposed the deal during President Xi's visit to Tehran in 2016.

The details of the pact have never been disclosed, prompting controversy in Iran. There is only a general agreement outlined in a leaked text copy.

According to a former Iranian ambassador to China, the Tehran-Beijing 25-year agreement has been overvalued and has only served as a tool for China to achieve deals with Saudi Arabia.

Despite Iran's attempts at securing bilateral relations with China and Russia, relations remain on edge as both countries support the territorial claim by Arab Persian Gulf countries against Iran.

Others in the expose include Mohsen Rezaei, a former IRGC commander with deep political ties, whose recent appearances suggest significant cosmetic alterations.

The revelation has sparked discussions about the hypocrisy and vanity of state figures who traditionally promote a facade of austerity and religious and moral purity to the public.

According to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Iran ranked 12th highest for cosmetic surgery procedures as of 2022. That climbed from 18 in 2016, with 80 percent of patients women.

Rhinoplasty is the most common procedure, followed by liposuction, eyelid surgery, abdominoplasty and breast augmentation.

So common has the practice become that last year, interior minister Ahmad Vahidi said people who had radically changed their appearance through cosmetic procedures would need to apply for new ID documentation.

“The authentic Iranian face is being distorted through invasive procedures,” Babak Nikoumaram, chair of the Iranian Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons told the Financial Times earlier this year. “Incongruous western beauty standards are forced upon Iranians.”

The Swedish police have classified the threats as "serious and real," underscoring the dangerous conditions faced by those critical of the Iranian government, at home and abroad. 

It comes on the back of revelations last month of Iran recruiting Swedish gangs to carry out such plots abroad, including on Jewish and Israeli targets. Israeli intelligence agency, Mossad, also confirmed the reports saying Swedish gangs were part of a Europe-wide plot from Tehran against Israeli embassies. 

The threats against Iran International staff have become a recurrent issue, stemming back to 2022 when London's Metropolitan Police revealed plots against staff in London. Last year, the threats reached a climax with the UK's MI5 saying it could no longer protect the team, forcing a temporary relocation to the US.

Kazem Gharibabadi, head of the Iranian Judiciary's Human Rights Headquarters, recently branded the network as "terrorist" and directly threatened its staff. The statement followed shortly after condemnation from UN experts regarding the ongoing threats and acts of violence against Iran International's personnel, including a violent knife attack on presenter Pouria Zeraati.

The Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recently acknowledged that Iran's terror plots across Europe and its involvement with criminal networks in Sweden are “deeply concerning.”
"It is deeply concerning that a foreign power, in this case, Iran, has allegedly used criminal networks to commit or instigate crimes in Sweden. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs has summoned Iran’s chargé d’affaires to stress how seriously we are taking this information," the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs’ Press Office told Iran International on Sunday.