Iran International
Iranian Peace Nobel Laureate Shirin Ebadi has urged a top UN human rights official to cancel her visit or meet with those on death row during her stay in Iran.
Nada Al-Nashif, UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, is scheduled to arrive in Tehran on February 3 to investigate executions and women’s rights violations.
In a message addressed to Al-Nashif on her Instagram Thursday, Ebadi pointed out that at least four prisoners including a protester, Mohammad Ghobadlou, and a Kurdish political prisoner, Farhad Salimi, were executed in one week after unfair trials and in violation of the Islamic Republic’s own laws just ahead of her visit to Iran.
Ghobadlou who had just turned twenty-four was hanged despite his death sentence being overturned by the Supreme Court which ordered a branch of Tehran Criminal Court to retry the case. Carrying out a death sentence despite such a ruling was unprecedented.
Ebadi recommended to Al-Nashif to cancel her visit in protest to “extra judicial and increasing executions to prevent the regime from taking advantage of it and using it for propaganda.
Ebadi also recommended Al-Nashif not to wear a headscarf, as Iranian authorities demand female foreign visitors to do, and to meet and talk with ordinary people alongside meetings with government officials.
“Visit Evin prison and talk with some of the women who are on hunger strike, including [2023 Peace Nobel Laureate] Narges Mohammadi, and the family of Mahsa Amini who was killed by government agents in September 2022 because of her hijab, and with several prisoners who are on death row such as Mujahid Korkur, among others, so that a fuller picture of the deplorable conditions of human rights [in Iran] is shown to you,” Ebadi wrote.
Another post on Ebadi’s Telegram channel Thursday about UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk’s expression of concern over the spike in the use of death penalty in Iran, said “Expressing concern is not enough.”
The Islamic Republic which has the highest rate of executions in the world after China has executed 90 people just during December 22-January 21 this year.
Sixty-one female prisoners at Tehran’s Evin Prison from various political backgrounds including Nobel Peace Laureate Narges Mohammadi staged a one-day hunger strike Thursday in protest to the regime’s increasing use of executions including those of political prisoners.
Some activists in Iran and abroad including dissident rapper Toomaj Salehi and pop singer Mehdi Yarrahi, some of the families of prisoners, and political prisoners, including Zeynab Jalali who is serving a life sentence at Yazd Prison, have joined the hunger strike in solidarity with the prisoners at Evin.
Türk said in a statement on Wednesday that he is alarmed by the sharp spike in use of the death penalty in Iran including the two execution last Sunday. “This practice must be stopped immediately,” he said.
UN experts on January 21 also strongly condemned these recent executions and expressed serious concern at credible reports that those executed had been denied access to lawyers during their detention and trial.
The mothers of four death-row political prisoners -- Mohsen Mazloum, Pezhman Fatehi, Vafa Azarbar, and Hazhir Faramarz – have also pleaded with Al-Nashif to urge Iranian authorities to halt the impending execution of their sons as well as other prisoners on death row.
The hashtag #NoToExecution has been trending among Iranian social media users following the announcement of the hunger strike and a tweet storm on Monday has been announced.
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Gholamreza Mohseni-Ejei directed prosecutors this week to act in the name of the public and identify those "organized and foreign-affiliated elements" who oppose hijab rules. They are to be put on trial and punished within the framework of the law with the assistance of law enforcement.
This directive suggests a shift in focus from merely not wearing hijab to charging individuals involved in "organized" opposition to hijab with offenses such as "collusion and assembly to act against national security." In recent years, anti-compulsory hijab activists have faced fabricated charges, with some sentenced to prison, like Vida Movahed, who received a one-year sentence for her protest against mandatory hijab in 2017.
The 32-year-old woman had climbed a utility box in a busy Tehran Street, removed her headscarf, tied it to a stick and silently waved it in protest to mandatory hijab in Iran in 2017.
Mohseni-Ejei emphasized the Islamic principle of "amr-e be marouf va nahy az monkar," which urges Muslims to encourage good deeds and discourage forbidden ones. However, he noted that not all problems can be solved through preaching and called for legal action against those with ties to foreign countries who resist Iran's values and security.
“People who have ties to foreign [countries] and intend to resist the people's values, their chastity, and [harm] their psychological and physical security should be dealt with the sword of justice,” he said.
Iranian authorities often use the tactic of accusing dissidents of having ties to foreigners, in order to charge them with security crimes, rather than just political offences.
In recent years, many Iranian women have protested mandatory hijab, leading to arrests and imprisonment. Authorities have also impounded thousands of cars and closed businesses for failing to enforce hijab rules.
A police official in the religious city of Qom, where most of Iran's Shiite seminaries are located, said last week that in the past ten months owners of 74,000 cars had received warnings for hijab violations with nearly 20,000 impounded and nearly 2,000 cases referred to courts.
These numbers showed a six-fold increase in comparison to the same period last year, he said.
This move by the chief justice appears to address criticism from high-ranking clerics and seminary teachers who have expressed concerns about the perceived weakening of hijab enforcement. Grand Ayatollah Hossein Nouri-Hamedani and a group of seminary teachers in Qom have called for stronger measures to address defiance of hijab rules, expressing fears that it could lead to "extensive immorality" and harm the country's independence.
In a letter addressed to the president, chief justice, and parliament speaker earlier this week, one hundred teachers of Qom seminaries demanded decisiveness in dealing with what they called the “phenomenon” of defiance of hijab.
The signatories of the letter insisted on enforcing Islamic rules and alleged that the refusal of women to abide by mandatory hijab rules could be used by “enemies” and “feminists”.
“Enforcement of the law and prevention of [moral] corruption, of course, entails costs which we have to pay if we want to implement Islam,” they wrote.
“One hundred have written a petition to the heads of the state under the name of seminarians and complained about everything, from cinema and women's sports to hijab, but said nothing about inflation, the state of people’s livelihood, and the country's economy!” dissident journalist Saeed Maleki tweeted, suggesting that after the upcoming elections authorities will be taking tougher measures to address the concerns of these clerics.
Maritime news website Splash247 reported this week that Iran is readying to launch its first drone carrier, the Shahid Bagheri, a converted boxship -- previously called Sarvin -- that has undergone modifications to accommodate a large fleet of long-range drones.
Exclusive Planet Labs satellite images obtained by Splash, following an investigation by TankerTrackers.com, revealed how the 3,280 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit) boxship delivered from Hyundai Heavy Industries in the year 2000 went through the reconfiguration at a shipyard west of Bandar Abbas in southern Iran.
The Shahid Bagheri, now controlled by Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, has added width to its deck and has around 170 meters (about 558 ft) of runway. It can now accommodate the departure and landing of a very large fleet of fixed-wing drones, adding to merchant shipping’s long list of concerns surrounding the security situation in the Middle East.
“We anticipate Iran’s coming drone carrier will eventually wreak havoc against commercial vessels in the Arabian Sea, somewhere halfway to India,” TankerTrackers CEO Samir Madani told Splash.
Iran's foray into drone carrier technology comes as the Islamic Republic has been assisting the Houthis in Yemen in their targeting of merchant vessels since November. Around 35 merchant ships have been targeted by dozens of drones and missiles. One car carrier, the Galaxy Leader, was hijacked, along with 25 crew members.
The Iran-backed Houthis say the campaign aim is to force Israel to end its offensive in Gaza, which followed the October 7 invasion of Israel, when Hamas, another Iran-backed militia, killed 1,200 mostly civilians and took hundreds of hostages.
Vice Admiral Brad Cooper, the head of the US Navy’s 5th Fleet, in charge of operations in the Middle East, said, “What I’ll say is Iran is clearly funding, they’re resourcing, they are supplying and they’re providing training. They’re obviously very directly involved. There’s no secret there.”
While the world seems united to bring back security to the Red Sea shipping, with the US leading a large naval coalition there and China calling on Tehran to rein in its Yemeni proxy, the Islamic Republic has been supplying combat drones to Sudan, which has a 700-kilometer Red Sea coastline.
Through supplying Sudan’s army, Iran is taking sides in a nine-month civil war fueled by armed groups keen for Red Sea access that has displaced millions so far and risks further destabilizing the wider region. Iran’s drones can give an edge to the Sudanese military, which has been losing territory to a paramilitary group allegedly backed by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Tehran and the Sudanese army re-established diplomatic ties just days after the Hamas attack on Israel after a seven-year hiatus linked to Sudan’s role in a Saudi Arabia-led coalition that fought the Houthis in Yemen.
Iran's support for Sudan, which involves shipments of Mohajer-6 drones capable of air-to-surface precision-guided attacks, may pit Iran against the UAE, which Sudan’s military, UN experts and Western diplomats say backs the Rapid Support Forces. The rival group is now controlling many of the country’s major cities. In addition to Russia, Iran is also providing Mohajer-6 drones to Ethiopia too.
Arming Sudan would enhance Tehran's military sway across the broader Middle East where it backs Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Gaza, Lebanon's Hezbollah, Houthis in Yemen, Kata’ib Hezbollah in Iraq, and Ethiopia’s army as well as dozens of other armed groups.
Despite mounds of evidence on the use of Iran’s drones in current conflicts such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Houthis’ destabilizing of the Red Sea, Iran keeps denying its role with Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian saying this week that it is a “misconception” that Iran has “the remote control over the Houthis, Hezbollah, and Hamas.” The Red Sea blockade came directly from Iran's Supreme Leader, whose brainchild was to create a network of regional proxies to exert Iranian might.