Messages by foreign officials and Iranian activists to mark Nowruz, the Persian new year, are mainly addressed to women in Iran who are leading antiregime protests since September.
US President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden hosted a ceremony at the White House for the occasion on Monday and issued a statement that acknowledged Iranians' revolt for freedom.
“This year, Nowruz comes at a difficult time for many families, when hope is needed more than ever—including for the women of Iran who are fighting for their human rights and fundamental freedoms,” the Bidens said, vowing that Washington would “stand with them, and all the citizens of Iran who are inspiring the world with their conviction and courage.”
“And together with our partners, we will continue to hold Iranian officials accountable for their attacks against their people,” the statement added. President Biden said, “It’s the start of a new year that reminds us of the hope that lies ahead – even in the darkest of times.”
Secretary Of State Antony J. Blinken also decried the “brutal crackdown at the hands of the Islamic Republic," noting that “Many families face an empty chair at their Nowruz table this year, as friends and family members have been killed or detained by Iranian authorities.”
Member of the European Parliament Charlie Weimers, who has been very active to garner European leaders’ support for the protests in Iran, issued a video message wishing that “light truly overcomes darkness,” in reference to popular movement against the Islamic Republic.
Exactly at 54 minutes, 28 seconds past midnight Tehran time on March 21, the ancient Nowruz festivities began, but this year many families are bitter over the loss of a loved one or distressed by the imprisonment of a relative. Immediately after the turn of the year, many Iranians chanted slogans against the regime and its leaders with activists and celebrities releasing Nowruz messages that wished for an end to the Islamic Republic this year.
Many Iranians put pictures of those killed during the anti-regime protests and colored eggs with “Woman, Life, Freedom” slogan in their “Haft-Seen” tables. According to videos on social media, people held gatherings to keep the flame of protests burning in many cities, including Kurdish-majority city of Sanandaj, Mahabad, Bukan and Piranshahr in West Azarbaijan province, and Saqqez, the hometown of Mahsa “Jina” Amini, whose death in police custody ignited the nationwide rallies.
Prominent dissident figures, such as exiled prince Reza Pahlavi, Nobel Laureate Shirin Ebadi, Sunni leader Mowlavi Abdolhamid and footballer-turned-activist Ali Karimi as well as Canada-based activist Hamed Esmaeilion also talked about the political upheaval in the country, reiterating their demands for justice and calls for regime change.
"I congratulate the proud nation of Iran on the arrival of the new year. I hope that in the new year, poverty, injustice and discrimination will disappear from the country, political prisoners will be released and the noble nation of Iran will regain its rightful place in the world and achieve its rightful demands,” Abdolhamid tweeted.
In his video message addressed to the people of Iran, Pahlavi said, "In this year, you created an epic in the name of women, in the name of life and in the name of freedom against one of the most oppressive regimes in history... you made the world admire your courage and greatness.”
Several human rights groups, including Amnesty International, echoed the sentiment, issuing messages in honor of those who were killed or arrested during their fights against the violations by the Islamic Republic.
Exactly at 54 minutes, 28 seconds past midnight Tehran time on March 21, the ancient Nowruz festivities began with family members assembled around a spread called ‘haftseen’ exchanging holiday greetings and gifts.
The spread, on the floor or on a table, is laden with flowers and sprouted greens, which celebrate the coming of spring, symbols of wealth (coins), fertility (painted eggs), life (goldfish), apples, a mirror, candles, sweets, nuts, a pudding made with wheat germ, and a holy book such as the Quran or a tome of the nationally revered poetry of Hafiz Shirazi.
The names of at least seven of the many items on the spread must begin with the Persian letter ‘sin’, probably the short form of sini (tray) as the custom was to display such items on seven trays.
Nowruz celebrations form an integral part of the Iranian identity. Despite Iran's Islamification fourteen centuries ago, and the Islamic Revolution of 1979, the celebration of Nowruz has endured not only in Iran but also in many of its neighboring countries such as Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and among Kurds in Turkey and Iraq.
History and Origins
Nowruz has been celebrated by Iranians since Achaemenid times (550-330 BC). The word Nowruz, which derives from Old Persian nava sarda (new year) is only attested in Middle Persian. The feast itself has its roots in ancient agricultural festivals which centered around the cycle of nature. Some scholars believe ancient Persians were inspired by the splendor of Babylonian spring festival of Akitu developed their own Nowruz festival.
Some historians also believe that the magnificent Persepolis complex in southern Iran built by Achaemenid kings, or at least parts of the complex such as the Apadana Palace, and the Hundred Columns Hall, were specifically built for celebrating the New Year.
The bas-relief at the Apadana Palace which shows representatives of the nations under the Achaemenid Empire bearing gifts for the King of Kings may be a portrayal of the Nowruz celebration at the heart of the empire.
The Islamic Republic rulers have never embraced the pre-Islamic Nowruz, but they have also not dared to ban it.
Nowruz, Celebration of Spring Equinox
The exact moment of the beginning of the new year, which varies from year to year and was calculated by astronomers since ancient times, marks the Spring Equinox in the northern hemisphere. Accordingly, the turn of the year may fall anytime from the evening of March 20 to the evening of the next day.
Unlike the lunar calendar prevalent in other Muslim countries in which it is the year 1444 now, the new year will be 1402 in the solar Jalali calendar, Iran's unique calendar introduced in 1079 AD.
Like many things in the Iranian history, the calendar seamlessly combines Islamic and ancient Iranian elements. The first year of the calendar is Prophet Muhammad’s hijra from Mecca to Medina but each of its twelve months is dedicated to an ancient Iranian deity.
The Foods Of Nowruz
On the eve, or the day of Nowruz, Iranians make special foods with seasonal and symbolic significance. In the 20th century, rice mixed with lots of green herbs (dill, coriander, fenugreek greens, wet garlic) and served with pan-fried ‘mahi sefid’ fish (Caspian kutum) or other fishes has become highly representative of the food for Nowruz.
Other green food, to celebrate the end of winter and arrival of spring, such as a very green, thick omelet made with the same type of herbs (kuku sabzi) and served with green or plain rice are also very popular.
Apadana, one of the oldest halls of the complex dating to the first half of the 6th century BC, was where the king would hold audience with his subjects, with great pomp on special occasions such as the New Year.
Many families, particularly in central areas where fish was very hard to come by before modern times, make a dish of rice mixed with noodles and served with chicken, dried apricots, and dates instead of the green rice and fish. A stew-like soup with green herbs, legumes and noodles (ash-e reshteh) is also among holiday season foods. Noodles in these dishes symbolize longevity.
During the holiday season, which culminates in the all-important ‘sizdeh be dar’ picnic on the 13th of the first month, Farvardin, people visit family, relatives and friends. Guests are welcomed with sweets, nuts and fruits.
Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian repeated on Sunday that the two countries have agreed on such a deal but it is not clear if the claim is true or it is a stunt by the regime. The new snippet of information that was divulged to the media in Amir-Abdollahian’s remarks was that the US and Iran had agreed on the deal March last year and they are tweaking the details through an unnamed third party in recent weeks.
“We have signed a document in March last year through a representative introduced by the United States from a third country. We consider the issue of prisoner exchange to be a completely human issue. In recent weeks, there have been indirect discussions to update that document regarding the exchange of prisoners," he said.
The minister added that the basis of any new agreement is the minutes of the meeting that were signed in March last year. “Our opinion is that the American side should pay attention to the human aspects of this issue above all, this is something that is strongly emphasized by us,” he said.
If true, a deal one year ago might have been within the context of a nuclear agreement that never materialized and probably hinged on a US agreeing to free Iran’s frozen funds. It has long been reported that South Korea would free about $7 billion held in escrow by its banks due to US sanctions.
The United States has categorically denied the existence of such a deal, but it can simply be the Biden administration’s tactic not to build up the hopes of the involved families or to avoid international outcry over its covert appeasement of a regime that is condemned by the international community over its gross human rights violation during recent protests and its military assistance to Russia.
Washington has repeatedly expressed concern about the fate of its citizens imprisoned in Iran but also has rejected the existence of such a deal, that can be construed as a failure to stand up against the Islamic Republic’s policy of hostage taking, a practice that started in the early days after the establishment of the regime and has been often used ever since.
In November 1979, a group of leftist students backed by the new revolutionary government occupied the US embassy in Tehran and took 54 Americans hostage for 444 days. Iran never condemned the act that ruptured bilateral relations. Tehran denies any policy of hostage taking and insists all foreigners are tried legally. However, it has frequently shown readiness for prisoner exchanges and participated in swaps in the past.
UN experts and international human rights organizations say that the Islamic Republic takes foreigners hostage to extract concessions from the West.
Currently, the regime is in the midst of negotiations to bring home one of its former diplomats, who is serving a life sentence in Belgium for his involvement in a plot to bomb a gathering of an exiled dissident group. Belgium's Constitutional Court said in a press release earlier in the month refused to annul a treaty with Iran that could lead to the diplomat, Assadollah Assadi, convicted of terrorism, to be swapped for Belgian aid worker Olivier Vandecasteele, held hostage in Iran.
Since early March, Iran insists it is doing a prisoner swap with the US in spite of the Biden administration’s categorical denials. The Iranian foreign ministry says the "written agreement has been signed by the official representative of the United States” though has not named the official.
White House denies such claims, calling it “a cruel lie”, but reiterates that the United States is committed to securing the release of Americans held in Iran.
Three Iranian-American citizens, Siamak Namazi, Emad Sharqi, and Morad Tahbaz, are still imprisoned in Iran. In exchange for the release of the hostages, in addition to demanding money, the Islamic Republic plans to urge Washington to release the Iranians imprisoned in the US for circumventing sanctions or involvement in terror activities.